1. How does Marx define alienation? Use 2 to 4 examples of alienation as described by Marx in the reading provided in class. (Reference Karl Marx’s “Alienated Labor”)
2. In your opinion, what is the most distressing type of alienation that forbids workers from fully participating and enjoying the fruits of their labor in a capitalist society? (Reference Karl Marx’s “Alienated Labor”)
3. What is Marx’s opinion regarding capitalist society? (Reference Karl Marx’s and Friedrich Engel’s “Manifesto of the Communist Party”)
4. Carefully read the text below excerpted from the “Manifesto of the Communist Party:”
“The need of a constantly expanding market for its products chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe. It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere. The bourgeoisie has through its exploitation of the world-market given a cosmopolitan character to production and consumption in every country. To the great chagrin of Reactionists, it has drawn from under the feet of industry the national ground on which it stood. All old-established national industries have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed. They are dislodged by new industries, whose introduction becomes a life and death question for all civilized nations, by industries that no longer work up indigenous raw material, but raw material drawn from the remotest zones; industries whose products are consumed, not only at home, but in every quarter of the globe. In place of the old wants, satisfied by the production of the country, we find new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant lands and climes…” (Kivisto, p.l9, 5th edition).
As you will note, in this specific excerpt Marx and Engels discuss what they perceive is an idiosyncratic characteristic and an unavoidable consequence of the capitalist system: (a) What connection can you make between Marx’s and Engles’ analysis of worldwide market expansion in their time and today’s globalization? (b) How can we utilize the author’s argument to explain what happens to local small businesses—such as those in Harlem, Washington Heights/Inwood, and around the NYC area—when big retailers or “super-stores” (e.g., Walmart, Target, Whole Foods, etc.) move into any given neighborhood?
Format: Essays should be 3 – 4 pages long (between 800 – 1,000 words), double-spaced in 12-point Times New Roman. All pages should be numbered and include your name. Answers to all questions must be in essay format; this is not a short answer assignment, submissions that do not follow standard essay format will receive letter deductions. The standard essay format includes: indented paragraphs; an introduction that states your view or thesis; body paragraph(s) with supporting evidence in the form of your own examples and direct quotes from the text; and a conclusion that re-states your view and findings.
Submit essays on Blackboard on the designated due date described below unless other instructions are discussed in class or the professor approves an extension beforehand. Any papers submitted after their due date, outside the aforementioned exceptions, or that fail to meet the 3 page minimum or exceed the 4 page maximum will be subject to an automatic letter grade deduction.
**IMPORTANT: Use of quotations in all writing assignments should never exceed more than four doubled spaced lines. If you really feel more background is necessary to make your point then paraphrase what the author says in your own words. The objective of academic writing is not to copy the text but to interpret it. Simply,
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