In the haplo-diploid system of sex determination males are haploid while females are diploid. This fact generates asymmetries in relatedness that potentially affect the levels of genetic interest among members of social insect colonies such as those of bees ants and wasps. Assume a polyandrous queen bee is genetically XY and her three haploid mates are Z1 Z2 and Z3. Now set up a 2 x 3 Punnett square to find the predicted proportion of genotypes in the resulting worker female offspring. Calculate the mean relatedness r among sisters in this colony. How does this level of relatedness compare to that of siblings in a diplo-diploid system of sex determination in which the parents are monogamous?
