and is held accountable to the legislature. The executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected. In parliamentary system the head of state is normally different from the head of government. However parliamentary system had its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the common advantages parliamentary system had is that its faster and easier to pass legislation. This is because that the executive branch is dependent upon the direct or indirect support from the legislative branch. The executive branch is often includes members of the legislature. As the executive branch is made of the majority party or coalition of parties in the legislature they possess more votes in order to pass legislation. Usually a bill becomes law within a single session of parliament. Besides in a parliamentary system with a collegial executive power is more divided. It can also be argues that power in parliamentary ystem is more evenly spread out in the power structure of parliamentary system. If comparing the prime minister from the parliamentary system and the president from the presidential system prime minister seldom tends to have as high importance as a ruling president. Parliamentary system tends to be focus more on voting for parties and its political ideas rather than focusing on voting for an actual person. There is also a body of scholarship associated with Juan Linz Fred Riggs Bruce Ackerman and Robert Dahl that claims that the parliamentary system is likely to or liable to suffer from authoritarian collapse. These scholars point out that World War II two- thirds of Third World countries establishing parliamentary governments successfully made the transition to democracy. By contrast no Third World presidential system successfully made the transition to democracy without experiencing coups and other constitutional breakdowns. One main criticism and benefits of many parliamentary systems is that the head of government is in almost all cases not the electorate or by a set of electors directly chosen by the people separate from the legislature. However in a parliamentary system the prime minister is elected by he legislature often under the strong influence of the party leadership. Thus a partys candidate for the head of government is usually known before the election possibly making the election as much about the person as the party behind him or her. Another major criticism of the parliamentary system lies precisely in its purported advantage which is no truly independent body to oppose and veto legislation passed by the parliament and therefore no substantial check on legislative power. Conversely because of the lack of inherent separation of powers some believe that a parliamentary system can place too much power in the xecutive entity leading to the feeling that the legislature or Judiciary have little scope to administer checks or balances on the executive. However parliamentary systems may be bicameral with an upper house designed to check the power of the lower. Although parliamentarianism has been praised for allowing an election to take place at any time the lack of a definite election calendar can be abused. In some parliamentary systems such as the British a ruling party can schedule elections when it feels that it is likely to do well and so avoid elections at times of unpopularity. Thus by wise timing of elections in a parliamentary system a party can extend its rule for longer than is feasible in a functioning presidential system. This problem can be alleviated somewhat by setting fixed dates for parliamentary elections as is the case in several of Australias state parliaments. In other systems such as the Dutch and the Belgian the ruling party or coalition has some flexibility in determining the election date. Conversely flexibility in the timing of parliamentary elections avoids having periods of legislative gridlock that can occur in a fixed period presidential system. In assessment two students are required to write a 2 000 word essay and a 50-100 word reflection relating to the given case study (see detailed instructions below) and submit it via the assessment two submission portal under the Assessment two FINAL SUBMISSION assessment tab on the moodle course site. Assessment two task instructions: Critically identify and discuss the relevant legal and ethical considerations in relation to the case study provided below. Critical evaluation involves giving your verdict as to what extent a statement or findings are true or to what extent you agree with them. Provide evidence from a wide range of sources which both agree with and contradict an argument. Come to a final conclusion and discuss this basing your decision on what you judge to be the most important factors and justify how you have made your decision. Ethical considerations relate to the ethical principles that guide professional nursing practice. Focus on the following areas: Professional practice for nurses Codes of ethics practice and conduct for nurses Current common law and statute legislation relating to criminal activity and professional practice for nurses Role and responsibility of the professional regulatory bodies for nursing eg AHPRA and ANMAC. The resources you will need to refer for this task are: · A MINIMUM of 10 references not more than 7 years old. · Content from Modules 1-10. You must read and understand the Moodle content for this course but you CANNOT cite Moodle in your essay or reference list. · Case study provided Detailed Instructions: 1. Read the case study below and critically identify and discuss the relevant legal and ethical issues from a nursing perspective. 2. Write a response to the essay topic above using essay structure with an introduction body paragraphs that include the key points listed above and conclusion (see detailed instructions below). 3. When you have completed your essay submit your essay with your reference list to Turnitin (Moodle submission point: Assessment Task 2 DRAFT essay) 4. Review your Turnitin similarity report and make any changes to your essay to improve your referencing or inclusion of evidence for your final draft. Contact an LSA or the ASK desk if you do not understand the changes you need to make to your draft essay. 5. Now you are required to write a brief reflection in your final draft (put this after the reference list) on your Turnitin similarity report and any changes you made (see detailed instructions below). 6. Once you have done this submit your essay final essay via the Moodle submission point: Assessment Task 2 FINAL Essay Submission. Essay writing requirements Introduction structure: -Background information that introduces the topic. -Description of the issues related to this topic -Direct response to the essay topic eg critically identify and discuss relevant legal and ethical issues relating to the case study. -Overview of main areas to be discussed in body paragraphs Body paragraphs: Logically structured body paragraphs that include supporting evidence from academic sources. Use topic sentences for your body paragraphs do not use headings. E.g. Paragraph 1 Topic sentence outlining first issue in your own words (concept/principle etc.) Evidence to support explanations. (Relate to case study and use references) Concluding sentence Paragraph 2 Topic sentence outlining first issue in your own words (concept/principle etc.) Evidence to support explanations. (Relate to case study and use references) Concluding sentence Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 . And so on. Conclusion: Logically structured conclusion (no references): -Restate your topic -Summarise your main points -Finish with concluding remarks and recommendations. These must be brief and factual and in your own words. Reference List References used should be no more than 7 years old unless of historical significance and/or of specific relevance to the topic. References must be a mixture of books current legislation codes and peer reviewed journal articles. Dictionaries and Wikipedia are not academic references and will not be counted in the reference count. Compile your reference list in alphabetical order and according to APA 7th ed. It is suggested that you have this guide next to you when writing your essay and including references in your essay. The word limit is 2000 words +/- 10%. Academics will not mark any work over this. The reflection is not part of the word count and must be 50-100 words. All of the following will be counted within your word list Direct quotes citations appendices. Direct quotes must be limited to no more than 50 words. Reference lists will not be counted in the word limit. Reflection: (Include after the Reference List). Write 50-100 words reflecting on the Similarity report that you received after you submitted your first draft to Turnitin through the DRAFT submission portal . Your reflection should include: o A summary in your own words of what your Similarity report contained o Comments on any changes that you made to the final essay in relation to the Turnitin similarity report and/or potential plagiarism (lack of in-text citations). o Comment on what you have learned from this drafting process. Formatting · Student name and student ID number must be included at the top of the page within header. · Page numbers at the bottom of the page · Font: Your essay should be in 12 point Times New Roman or 11 point Arial. · Spacing set your spacing to 1.5 · Indents or breaks Leave a space of one line between paragraphs rather than indenting the first line. · If you do not understand how to set up your formatting contact an LSA or the ASK desk for assistance. Submission Instructions: When saving your document use the following format: studentnamestudentnumberNURBN1012ASSESSMENT2.docx eg BennySmith10007867NURBN1012ASSESSMENT 2 Ensure that you save and submit the correct document for this assessment. Labeling your essay file as above will ensure that you can identify and submit the correct file for marking. This is the responsibility of the student. If you submit the wrong file it will not be marked. You are required to submit the assessment as a Microsoft Word file (.doc/.docx) NOT PDF or in any other format via the corresponding Assessment Task 2 FINAL SUBMISSION Turnitin submission point in the Assessment area in Moodle. Apple computer users must download a Microsoft Word compatible document (available through the University Software Centre) and use this application. Failure to do this often results in documents that cannot be opened by the marking staff. If the essay cannot be opened it cannot be marked. Feedback and a grade for this assessment task will be provided in Turnitin with your results at the end of the semester. Cover Page Include ONLY the following items on your cover page: ¨ Name and Student Number ¨ Your campus ¨ Title of the course NURBN 1012 ¨ The course coordinators name from your campus ¨ The number of words The cover page must be otherwise blank. Do not include pictures diagrams or any graphics IN ANY FORM just the above information. Case Study: Amy is a second year nursing student at Federation University. She is currently on a three week clinical placement at Sunny Hills Hospital. In March 2020 Amy was driving home from a friends birthday party at 2 am and was pulled over by the Police for a random alcohol and drug test. Amys alcohol breath test result indicated she had an alcohol level of 0.25 and she tested positive for cocaine. As a result her driving licence was cancelled immediately and she was charged with high range drink driving and driving under the influence of illicit drugs. She appeared in the local Magistrates Court was convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol and illicit drugs was fined $1 000 her driving licence was suspended for six months and she was awarded three demerit points. Amy was able to organise lifts from her friends during the six months and regained her driving licence in September 2020. She remembered from the Legal and Ethical issues in Clinical Practice course in first year that she was supposed to notify AHPRA regarding her conviction. She was concerned that she would not be able to complete her nursing degree if anyone knew about her conviction so she only told close friends. During the first week of this clinical placement Amy noticed that the medication cupboard in the ward was regularly left unlocked. She had been having trouble sleeping due to working shiftwork so one day she stole a bottle of sleeping pills and a bottle of strong pain killers to give to her friends. Unfortunately she didnt notice that another nurse had seen her take the medications and reported the theft to the Nurse Unit Manager of the ward. Amy was reported to the police and to the Federation University Clinical Placement Co-ordinator. Check List (before you submit your essay) -Re-read the assessment task topic and instructions: have you answered what is being asked and included all areas for discussion? -Have you reviewed the marking guide and checked each criterion against your assignment? -Did you submit your first draft of your essay into the ASSESSMENT TASK 2 DRAFT essay submission point? -Have you included a brief reflection on your first draft similarity report after your reference list? -Have your reviewed your spelling punctuation and grammar? -Are you ready to submit your FINAL submission (essay plus reflection) to the Assessment Task 2 FINAL Essay submission point.here are sutable reference to answer this question Kunreuther, H. 2008. Reducing Losses from Catastrophic Risks Through Long-Term Insurance and Mitigation. Philadelphia: Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.;Krueger, A. B. 2009. Measuring the Subjective Well-Being of Nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.;Knowles, N., M. D. Dettinger, and D. R. Cayan. 2006. Trends in snowfall versus rainfall in the western United States. Journal of Climate 19(18):4545-4559.;Kirllenko, A. and R. Sedjo. 2007. Climate change impacts on forestry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(50):19697-19702.;Kim, H., S. Kim, and B. E. Dale. 2009. Biofuels, land use change, and greenhouse gas emissions: Some unexplored variables. Environmental Science and Technology 43:961-967.;Khagram, S. 2004. Dams and Development: Transnational Struggles for Water and Power. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.;Keith, D. W., J. F. Decarolis, D. C. Denkenberger, D. H. Lenschow, S. L. Malyshev, S. Pacala, and P. J. Rasch. 2004. The influence of large-scale wind power on global climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101(46):16115-16120.;Kaufman, D. S., D. P. Schneider, N. P. Mckay, C. M. Ammann, R. S. Bradley, K. R. Briffa, G. H. Miller, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, J. T. Overpeck, B. M. Vinther, and Arctic Lakes 2k Project Members. 2009. Recent warming reverses long-term Arctic cooling. Science 325(5945):1236-1239.;Kates, R. W., C. E. Colten, S. Laska, and S. P. Leatherman. 2006. Reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: A research perspective. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103(40):14653-14660.;Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, Y. Zhu, A. Leetmaa, B. Reynolds, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, W. Higgins, J. Janowiak, K. C. Mo, C. Ropelewski, J. Wang, R. Jenne, and D. Joseph. 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 77(3):437-471.;Kundzewicz, Z. W., L. J. Mata, N. W. Arnell, P. Döll, P. Kabat, B. Jiménez, K. A. Miller, T. Oki, Z. Sen, and I. A. Shiklomanov. 2007. Freshwater resources and their management. Pp. 173-210 in Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, and C. E. Hanson, eds. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.;Kok, M., B. Metz, J. Verhagen, and S. Van Rooijen. 2008. Integrating development and climate policies: National and international benefits. Climate Policy 8:103-118.;Klopper, E., C. H. Vogel, and W. A. Landman. 2006. Seasonal climate forecasts—Potential agricultural-risk management tools? Climatic Change 76(1-2):73-90.;Kingston, D. G., M. C. Todd, R. G. Taylor, J. R. Thompson, and N. W. Arnell. 2009. Uncertainty in the estimation of potential evapotranspiration under climate change. Geophysical Research Letters 36:L20403.;Khvorostyanov, D. V., P. Ciais, and G. Krinner. 2008. Vulnerability of east Siberia’s frozen carbon stores to future warming. Geophysical Research Letters 35(10):L10703, doi:10710.11029/12008GL033639.;Keppler, F., J. T. G. Hamilton, M. Braãÿ, and T. Rockmann. 2006. Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature 439(7073):187-191.;Kehrwald, N. M., L. G. Thompson, T. D. Yao, E. Mosley-Thompson, U. Schotterer, V. Alfimov, J. Beer, J. Eikenberg, and M. E. Davis. 2008. Mass loss on Himalayan glacier endangers water resources. Geophysical Research Letters 35(22).;Katsman, C., W. Hazeleger, S. Drijfhout, G. Oldenborgh, and G. Burgers. 2008. Climate scenarios of sea level rise for the northeast Atlantic Ocean: A study including the effects of ocean dynamics and gravity changes induced by ice melt. Climatic Change 91(3-4):351-374.;Kasperson, J. X., R. E. Kasperson, and B. L. Turner. 2009. Vulnerability of coupled human-ecological systems to global environmental change. Pp. 231-294 in Human Footprints on the Global Environment: Threats to Sustainability, E. A. Rosa, A. Diekmann, T. Dietz, and C. Jaeger, eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.;Kalkstein, L. S., J. S. Greene, D. M. Mills, A. D. Perrin, J. P. Samenow, and J.-C. Cohen. 2008. Analog European heat waves for U.S. cities to analyze impacts on heat-related mortality. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 89(1):75-85.
